Assessment of indonesian butterfly pea genotypes for stability and sustainability in flower yield

Abstract

This research addresses the critical question of how to identify stable, high-yielding butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) genotypes in Indonesia, an underutilized crop with significant potential, amidst varying environmental conditions. As a native plant rich in biodiversity, the butterfly pea offers applications in food, health, and industry, yet its development is limited by inconsistent yields across seasons. The study aims to evaluate genotype-environment interactions (GEIs) and select superior genotypes based on yield stability and sustainability. Conducted over three years (2018–2020) at Universitas Padjadjaran’s Ciparanje Experimental Field, the research utilized 35 genotypes in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Data revealed significant GEI influences on yield and attributes like flower length, width, and calix length. Stability analyses, including AMMI, GGE biplot, AMMI Stability Value (ASV), Genotype Stability Index (GSI), and Sustainability Index (SI), identified stable and high-yielding genotypes. AMMI selected 11 stable genotypes (31.43%), while GGE biplot, ASV, and GSI each identified six (17.14%), and SI highlighted 18 (51.43%). Three genotypes (G2, G14, G16) were consistently selected across all methods, demonstrating superior stability and yield. The article systematically discusses methodology, statistical analyses, and implications for breeding programs, emphasizing the potential of these genotypes for flower production and crossbreeding. These findings underscore the butterfly pea’s role in sustainable agriculture and provide a foundation for enhancing its cultivation in Indonesia.